“沾污”用英语怎么说？

为什么鸟粪沾污的铜象竟比干干净净的铜象更具有威仪?Why is a bird - soiled statue more commanding than one that is clean?黄铜表面必须未经沾污.The brass surface must be free of contamination.钢笔里的墨水把衣服沾污了.The pen stained the cloth with ink....

“沾污”的拼音为：zhān wū...