“磨炼”的近义词/同义词

你知道, 即使经理也受到过艰苦的磨炼.Even the director has gone through the mill, you know.逆境是最好的磨炼.Adversity is a good discipline.艰苦的环境能磨炼人的意志.Difficult circumstances can temper one's will....

“磨炼”的英语可以翻译为：chasten ...