He picked up the phone expecting to hear the chairman's gruff voice.他拿起电话，心想会听到主席粗哑的嗓音。a gruff manner粗暴的态度Beneath his gruff exterior, he's really very kind-hearted.他外表冷漠，心地却十分善良。He could be gruff and monosyllab...
The encouragement of a friend spurred Chris into switching jobs.在一位朋友的鼓励下，克理斯换了工作。Sabres rasped from scabbards and the horsemen spurred forward.马刀在刀鞘里咔嗒作响，骑手催马向前。What spurred them on was alchemy, the'science " of ch...