They are motivated by the twin goads of punishment and reward.他们受赏与罚的双重因素所激励....

goads的音标：...

n.赶牲口的尖棒( goad的名词复数 )v.刺激( goad的第三人称单数 )，激励，（用尖棒）驱赶，驱使（或怂恿、刺激）某人...