鲍勃死于由他的生活方式引起的心脏病突发。Bob died of a heart attack, brought on by his lifestyle.牙龈萎缩可能是疾病导致的，也可能仅仅是错误的刷牙方式引起的。Receding gums can be the result of disease or simply incorrect brushing.不缴水费引起的断水的比率正在上升。The rate of disconnection...

“引起的”的英语可以翻译为：[医]orig.，originated，prod.，evocable ...